Visa Reason Code 11.1

The cardholder says they never authorized this recurring/subscription charge in the first place.

A subscription or recurring billing charge was processed without the cardholder's original consent, or consent was never properly documented.

Subscription businesses are the most exposed to this code — proof of the original signup and terms acceptance is essential.

Signup record, IP address and timestamp of enrollment, and the terms/pricing the customer agreed to at signup.

Not retaining a timestamped record of a customer's original opt-in to recurring billing.