The cardholder was charged twice for one purchase, or paid through two different methods.
A retry, double-submit, or multi-channel payment resulted in the same order being paid for more than once.
If a genuine duplicate occurred, refund it directly rather than contesting; otherwise your order log is your defense.
Order/payment log showing only one legitimate charge was intended for this purchase.
Confirm whether a duplicate actually happened; refund proactively if so, or submit proof only one charge was valid.
No idempotency protection on checkout submission, letting double-clicks create duplicate charges.
Add idempotency keys to checkout and payment-retry logic.
Flat monthly fee, keep 100% of what you win.
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