The transaction was settled without ever obtaining a valid authorization.
A charge was captured without a corresponding, approved authorization request.
Usually a processing/integration bug rather than something caused by your storefront's customer experience.
Gateway logs showing authorization status for the transaction.
Submit proof of a valid authorization, or escalate to your processor if none exists.
Allowing capture flows that can settle a charge without a confirmed prior authorization.
Audit your checkout flow to ensure capture always requires a confirmed authorization.
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